Its functions include drawing in the cool vaporized refrigerant that carries. Refrigerants physical properties engineering toolbox. Properties of refrigerants michigan state university. From then on, reference to harmful gases from ac system will be clearly understood to imply the refrigerant in the. Thus, we have separate series for halogenated refrigerants and other types. R12 was the refrigerant back in the 20th century for automobile applications. Co 2 transcritical systems have also been driving the development of integrated heating and cooling systems, linking the refrigerant choice to the type of system. Refrigeration and air conditioning multiple choice questions. Transcritical systems where co 2 is used in all circuits mt and lt. Swep is a worldleading supplier of brazed plate heat exchangers for hvac and industrial applications. Prefixes should not be used for combined siunits except when kg is.
Originally the title given was new and alternative refrigerants. If a refrigeration system is leak free, use of the existing. Class 2 refrigerants are used as direct cooling between the agents of class 1 and substances in the refrigerator. Characteristics of refrigerants pure r12 cc 1425f425 is colorless. Whenever we choose them for particular use properties of refrigerants also plays a vital role in economic and environmental friendly application. Sydney games stated that cfc, hcfc and hfcfree refrigerants. There are many kinds of refrigerant and or refrigerant on the market today, but only a few that are widely used. Synthetic and organic refrigerants are classified under two main categories, primary and secondary. Designation and safety classification of refrigerants. The last round of changes took place between the mid1990s through 2010, as cfc and hcfc refrigerants were phased out and. The following is a list of refrigerants with their type prefix, ashrae designated numbers, iupac chemical name, molecular formula, cas registry number blend name, atmospheric lifetime in years. Six types of refrigerant emissions, or losses, are identified.
Below is a list of the different oil types for the different refrigerants in our units. A refrigerant is a chemical that is used to provide cooling in a heat transfer system. The development of different refrigerants over time took place based on. This type of magnetic refrigeration is said to produce refrigeration at. Refrigerants are divided into groups according to their chemical composition. The danfoss product range for the refrigeration and air. New refrigerants impact standards and codes the function of refrigerant as a fluid used for heat transfer has not changed since the development of the first refrigerating system. Policylegislation on fgases and alternatives two environmental frameworks one goal the montreal protocol and the kyoto protocol. A refrigerant is a substance, usually a fluid chemical compounds, that is used in a. Figure 9 shows the different types of refrigerants. Fellow ashrae mcquay international staunton, virginia usa 1 what is a refrigerant. In most cycles it undergoes phase transitions from a liquid to a gas and back again.
Here are some of the desirable properties of refrigerant. Knowing the temperature difference across the coils, the amperage, and the airflow all give the technician vital information. Refrigerants and their application presented by thomas e. Following the discovery that some of these chemical compounds may be harmful to the environment, they are being replaced with more environmentally friendly alternatives see figure 5. Designed to make the most efficient use of energy, material, and space, the technology is quickly. Refrigerants used in air conditioners are changing again. The refrigerants have a thermodynamic property charge. Both types involve the use of refrigerant blends to achieve alternatives that will act very much like r502 in refrigeration systems.
Another type, which is produced in large quantities, a scroll compressor, but still these compressors. Each refrigerant type is denoted by a different series. The refrigerant in a refrigeration system, regardless of type, is present in two different states. Standard 15 is the basis for the criteria on refrigeration safety in the. Pdf refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options. Originally the title given was new and alternative refrigerants but i was. A refrigerant is a substance or mixture, usually a fluid, used in a heat pump and refrigeration.
Refrigerants for commercial refrigeration applications. Refrigerants capture heat and then release it to another space by using the thermodynamic phenomena of phase changes, in which a fluid changes to a gas or vice versa in the refrigeration cycle. Always check the compressor manufactures recommendations for oil on any other type of cooling unit. A refrigerant is a substance or mixture, usually a fluid, used in a heat pump and refrigeration cycle. Thus many refrigerants have several different names. Main types of compressors used in industrial refrigeration are screw, piston, centrifugal and rotary vane. Pdf refrigeration and airconditioning play a vital role in domestic and industrial applications. Compare performance of multiple refrigerants, learn the line sizing, and much more all for free. Since different fluids have the desired traits in different degree, choice is a. Manual for refrigeration servicing introduction technicians. This section presents data for the thermodynamic and transport properties of refrigerants, arranged for the occasional users. New, natural and alternative refrigerants by dr s f pearson of star refrigeration limited introduction it is an honour to be invited to present this paper despite the rather daunting title. Halocarbon refrigerants halocarbon refrigerant are all synthetically produced and were developed as the freon family of refrigerants.
Originally the title given was new and alternative refrigerants but i was also asked to. The choice of prefix is free but the best choice will normally be the one where the value written will be in the range from 0. Refrigerants and the refrigeration system determine the pressures. Types of refrigerants chlorofluorocarbons cfcs these are refrigerants that contain chlorine. Refrigerant grade anhydrous ammonia is a clear, colorless liquid or gas, free. The two refrigerant families most often used in air conditioning systems are hydrochlorofluorocarbons hcfcs and cfcs. Common refrigerants and environmental safety thermal systems. The process is not easy, and although there are alternatives to old refrigerants, the new ones are usually not flawless. The most common refrigerants for the first 100 years were familiar solvents and other volatile fluids. Without being pressureregulated, primary refrigerants. The following links are to online readonly versions of these standards. Commercially, ammonia is made by combining free nitrogen and hydrogen gases under high pressure. The different types o f refrigerants can be groupe d as given below ashrae 2008. Understanding a2l refrigerants for air conditioners 2019.
What are the most common types of refrigerant today. The different types of cooling compressors a compressor acts as the heart of a refrigerant based mechanical cooling system. It was banned in 1994 due to it harming the ozone layer. Type of refrigerant and its availability if a system uses a chlorofluorocarbon cfc then it is likely to.
Where a specific molecule can have different geometrical arrangements. Water has very different miscibilities with different refrigerants, and this fact has an important impact on the operation of refrigeration systems. Refrigerants are widely used in refrigeration cycle where cooling effect below the atmospheric temperatures are needed. Refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options. Natural refrigerants sustainable ozone and climatefriendly alternatives to hcfcs introduction dr. The first type of blends incorporate the following refrigerants in two compositions to optimize different performance characteristics. Present a comparison between different refrigerants section 26. The only way they will work is if you click the link within the ashrae website. Evaporation is an operation used to remove a liquid from a solution, suspension, or emulsion by boiling off some of the liquid. The different types of refrigerants can be grouped as given below ashrae 2008. Co 2 transcritical systems have also been driving the development of integrated heating and cooling systems, linking the refrigerant choice to the type. In the following section, different groups of refrigerants are discussed, some examples are given and their fields of application are described.
Refrigerants r402a, r402b, and r404a properties, uses. The process is not easy, and although there are alternatives to old refrigerants. Class 1 refrigerants used in the standard compression type cooling system. Simulate your system with the right refrigerant and export the results to excel. Primary refrigerants change states to absorb heat from surrounding areas or substances. Properties of refrigerants n low boiling point and high latent heat of vaporization n dense vapor n low toxicity n non flammable n low miscibility with oil n low cost ammonia n has good heat transfer.